Peptide BPC-157: An Overview of Benefits, Dosage, Side Effects, and Safety

• Anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and endothelial-protective effects
• Promotes tendon and ligament healing via the FAK-paxillin signaling pathway
• Drives angiogenesis by up-regulating VEGFR2 and the VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS signaling pathway
• Activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)

• Short elimination half-life of less than 30 minutes
• Intramuscular bioavailability: 14–19% (rats), 45–51% (beagle dogs)
• Six metabolites identified in rat plasma, bile, urine, and feces
• Excreted primarily via urine and bile

• Not approved by the FDA
• Most studies have been conducted in animal models
• Clinical trials for ulcerative colitis and in healthy participants reported no side effects

Studied at dosages in the ng/kg to μg/kg range, applied intraperitoneally, intragastrically, or locally.

• Gastrointestinal protection and healing (NSAID damage, ulcerative colitis)
• Tendon and ligament healing (fibroblast growth, cell survival, migration)
• Muscle injury healing
• Pro-angiogenesis and improved blood flow
• Potential COVID-19 vascular support

• Mild digestive discomfort, such as bloating or stomach upset
• Interactions with gastrointestinal medications are under-researched
• Preclinically, no genotoxicity or embryo-fetal toxicity observed